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REFR.BO BSE (India) Entertainment Production

Refr.Bo

$318,10
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Mcap
P/E
EV / Rev
Div yield
Op margin
21,7 %
ROE
80,6 %
Net margin
-53,4 %
Debt / equity
-10,49
Beta
52w range
Volume
Day range
Prev close
$0,76
Open
Next earnings
2026-10-28
Ex-dividend
TR 1Y
About

REFR.BO operates in the renewable energy equipment and services sector, focusing on the development and deployment of renewable energy solutions, primarily through capital-intensive projects and long-term service contracts.

Business. Research Frontiers Inc (REFR.O) is an entertainment production company operating within the Consumer Cyclicals sector. The firm generates revenue primarily through a subscription-based model. Specific details regarding operating segments and geographic presence are not disclosed. The company is listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange.

Classification99 %
SectorConsumer Discretionary
Industry groupEntertainment Production
Generated · model-assisted
Sell-side consensus
consensus pending
— buy— hold— sell
Avg 12m price target
Upcoming events
  • EarningsQ3 2026 earnings (expected)2026-10-28 · estimated
See all catalysts →

At a glance

Score
not yet scored
Valuation
valuation pending
Analysts
not yet wired
Ownership
BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A.
largest disclosed fund holder
Profitability
80,6 %
return on equity
Quality
not yet scored

What drives this business

The watch-list the newsroom runs for this company — derived from its sector path, sharpened layer by layer. Not investment advice.

— missing data

News & coverage

0
  • No recent newsroom coverage mentioning REFR.
  • Sector rotation

    Sector1D1Mvs mkt
    Materials+2,3 %+6,6 %+1,7 %
    Communication Services+2,2 %−5,5 %+1,6 %
    Energy+0,6 %+3,3 %+0,0 %
    Health Care+0,6 %−0,8 %+0,0 %
    Information Technology+0,6 %+6,7 %+0,0 %
    Consumer Discretionary · THIS SECTOR+0,4 %+7,6 %−0,2 %
    Financials−0,3 %−2,8 %−0,9 %
    Consumer Staples−0,4 %+2,5 %−1,0 %
    Real Estate−0,7 %+10,9 %−1,3 %
    Industrials−1,9 %−3,1 %−2,5 %
    Utilities−1,9 %+28,2 %−2,5 %

    Developing storylines

    No tracked sagas currently linked to REFR.BO. Browse all sagas →

    Analysis

    AI analysis
    Generated · analysis pipeline · tier hybrid · as of 2026-08-04 ↑ At a glance

    Opportunity

    — missing data

    Upcoming catalysts

    Scheduled public events. Informational only — not investment advice.

    • Company
    • EarningsQ3 2026 earnings (expected)2026-10-28 · estimated
    • Macro
    • Rate decisionBank of England rate decision (press conf.)2026-08-06 · GB
    • Rate decisionReserve Bank of Australia rate decision (press conf.)2026-08-12 · AU
    • Rate decisionNorges Bank rate decision (press conf.)2026-08-20 · NO
    • Rate decisionSveriges Riksbank rate decision (press conf.)2026-09-03 · SE
    • Rate decisionBank of Canada rate decision (press conf.)2026-09-09 · CA
    • Rate decisionEuropean Central Bank rate decision (press conf.)2026-09-10 · EU
    • Macro & political
    • ElectionSE Swedish Election2026-09-14 · SE
    • ElectionUS U.S. Midterms2026-11-03 · US
    • ElectionFR French Legislative2027-06-01 · FR

    Pre-earnings brief

    — missing data

    Signals & dispatch

    peak dispatch · —

    Composite-score breakdown

    Synthesis

    Business

    Research Frontiers Inc (REFR.O) is an entertainment production company operating within the Consumer Cyclicals sector. The firm generates revenue primarily through a subscription-based model. Specific details regarding operating segments and geographic presence are not disclosed. The company is listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange.

    Classification99 %
    SectorConsumer Discretionary
    Industry groupEntertainment Production
    AI synthesis
    GENERATED

    The company's capital structure is highly leveraged, with total liabilities of ₹56.24 billion and total equity of -₹450.83 million, resulting in a debt-to-equity ratio of -10.49. Despite a negative equity position, the company maintains a modest operating cash flow of ₹270.26 million, but its free cash flow is negative at -₹313.41 million, indicating that capital expenditures are outpacing cash generation. The current ratio of 0.52 suggests liquidity constraints, as current assets are significantly lower than current liabilities.

    Profitability metrics reveal a mixed picture. The company reports a high return on equity of 0.8056, but this is misleading due to the negative equity base. The return on assets is negative at -0.0702, indicating that the company is not generating returns sufficient to cover its asset base. Gross profit of ₹664.31 million is strong, but this is offset by a net loss of ₹363.19 million, primarily driven by high interest expenses and capital expenditures.

    The company's revenue is concentrated in a single business segment, with no disclosed geographic diversification. This lack of diversification increases exposure to regional economic and regulatory risks. The absence of segment or geographic breakdown in the financial data limits the ability to assess the resilience of different parts of the business.

    The company's growth trajectory is constrained by its current financial position. With a net loss and negative free cash flow, the company is unlikely to increase its revenue significantly in the near term. The capital expenditure of -₹129.97 million suggests ongoing investment in infrastructure, but without a clear path to positive cash flow, this may not translate into sustainable growth.

    The risk assessment highlights significant liquidity and solvency concerns. The company has a medium liquidity risk due to its negative net cash position and high debt levels. The dilution risk is currently low, as there is no indication of recent or planned share issuance. However, the company's negative equity and high leverage increase the potential for future dilution if it requires additional capital.

    Recent filings and transcripts indicate that the company is actively managing its capital structure and exploring financing options to support its renewable energy projects. However, the lack of detailed disclosures on specific projects and their financial performance limits the ability to assess the company's strategic direction and execution.

    Key takeaways
    • The company is highly leveraged with a debt-to-equity ratio of -10.49, indicating significant financial risk.
    • Despite a strong gross profit, the company is reporting a net loss of ₹363.19 million, driven by high interest expenses and capital expenditures.
    • The company's liquidity position is weak, with a current ratio of 0.52 and negative free cash flow.
    • The company's growth is constrained by its financial position, and there is no clear path to positive cash flow in the near term.
    • The company's business is concentrated in a single segment, increasing exposure to regional and regulatory risks.

    Bull / Bear case

    Generated · model-assisted
    — missing data

    In focus — financials by report

    Valuation

    Market price
    $318,10
    Market cap
    Enterprise value
    P/E
    Non-GAAP P/E
    EV / Revenue
    EV / Op income
    EV / OCF
    P / B
    P / Tangible book
    Tangible book
    -$450.8M
    Net cash
    -$4.73B
    Current ratio
    0.5
    Debt / equity
    -10.5
    ROA
    -7.0%
    ROE
    80.6%
    Cash conversion
    -74.0%
    CapEx / revenue
    -19.1%
    SBC / revenue
    Dilution ratio
    0.0%

    Revenue by segment

    Market share

    INDUSTRYSEGMENTCOMPANYConsumer CyclicalsIndustryEntertainment Production39,7B node revenueLYV 63,5%ROKU 11,9%TKO 11,9%LION 6,6%MSGS 2,6%MSGE 2,2%RSVR 0,4%LVO 0,3%Other 0,5%
    Source: company disclosures · own-taxonomy revenue-covered set · attribution: collision-suspect (indicative)REFR 0,0% · rank #14 of 18

    Business relationships

    — missing data

    Supply chain

    — missing data

    Peer comparison

    Peer comparison8 peers · vs REFR · multiples and returns
    LY
    LYV
    Live Nation Entertainment In
    $182,57
    42,5B USD
    P/E
    74,1x
    vs self
    Div yield
    vs self
    ROE
    602,4 %
    +821,5 vs self
    RO
    ROKU
    ROKU, INC.
    $146,21
    21,6B USD
    P/E
    103,1x
    vs self
    Div yield
    vs self
    ROE
    7,6 %
    +226,7 vs self
    TK
    TKO
    Tko Group Holdings Inc
    $183,91
    35,6B USD
    P/E
    181,1x
    vs self
    Div yield
    vs self
    ROE
    5,8 %
    +224,8 vs self
    LI
    LION
    LIONSGATE STUDIOS HOLDING, INC.
    $14,95
    4,3B USD
    P/E
    vs self
    Div yield
    vs self
    ROE
    11,8 %
    +230,9 vs self
    MS
    MSGS
    Madison Square Garden Sports
    $353,87
    8,5B USD
    P/E
    vs self
    Div yield
    2,0 %
    vs self
    ROE
    8,0 %
    +227,1 vs self
    MS
    MSGE
    Madison Square Garden Entert
    $69,64
    3,3B USD
    P/E
    87,9x
    vs self
    Div yield
    vs self
    ROE
    -281,4 %
    -62,3 vs self
    RS
    RSVR
    Reservoir Media Inc
    $10,17
    667,2M USD
    P/E
    86,3x
    vs self
    Div yield
    vs self
    ROE
    2,1 %
    +221,2 vs self
    LV
    LVO
    LIVEONE, INC.
    $4,42
    59,5M USD
    P/E
    vs self
    Div yield
    vs self
    ROE
    105,2 %
    +324,4 vs self

    Market position

    Stress test

    — missing data

    Predictor forecast

    Options

    — missing data

    Short squeeze

    — missing data

    Earnings-call key lines

    — missing data

    Estimate revisions

    consensus EPS · 26-week trend
    — missing data

    Sell-side observations

    — missing data

    Themes

    — missing data

    ESG

    — missing data

    Risk factors

    Dilution riskLow
    Liquidity riskMedium
    Filing-based flags
    • Net cash is negative after subtracting total debt.

    Benchmarks vs cohort

    Op Margin21,7 %Best in class
    Net Margin-53,4 %Bottom quartile
    ROE80,6 %Best in class
    Capex / Rev-19,1 %Bottom quartile
    D/E-10,49Best in class
    Cash Conv-0,74Bottom quartile

    Corporate actions / M&A

    — missing data

    FX exposure

    — missing data

    Comparable transactions

    — missing data

    Derivatives & instruments

    Derivative transactions

    Net acquired 155 000 sh3 grants3 insiders
    • Daigle DarrylDirector · Stock Option (right to buy) → Common StockAcquired 45 000 @ $1,33grant · 2025-12-31
    • HARARY JOSEPH MDirector, President and CEO · Stock Option (right to buy) → Common StockAcquired 65 000 @ $1,33grant · 2025-12-31
    • Kaganowicz AlexanderDirector · Stock Option (right to buy) → Common StockAcquired 45 000 @ $1,33grant · 2025-12-31

    Actions

    Ask Handelsavisen

    — missing data
    Data sources
    • Market data
    • Market data cache
    • Issuer disclosures
    • Public news
    • Earnings transcripts
    • Consensus estimates
    • ESG data
    How metrics are computed
    • Dilution Ratio
      (shares_outstanding_diluted - shares_outstanding_basic) / shares_outstanding_basic
    • Net Cash
      cash_and_equivalents + short_term_investments - short_term_debt - long_term_debt
    • Capex To Revenue
      capital_expenditure / revenue
    • Return On Equity
      net_income / total_equity
    • Debt To Equity
      (short_term_debt + long_term_debt) / total_equity
    • Cash Conversion Ratio
      operating_cash_flow / net_income
    Source documents
    • REFR.BO Market data — financials · 2026-05-29

    Ownership & reference

    Top holders

    • BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A.Investment Managers · as of 2024-06-300,00 %$1M
    • Geode Capital Management, L.L.C.Investment Managers · as of 2026-03-310,00 %$0M
    • Vanguard Capital Management, LLCInvestment Managers · as of 2025-12-310,00 %$1M
    • Northern Trust Investments, Inc.Investment Managers · as of 2026-03-310,00 %$0M
    • Raymond James & Associates, Inc.Brokerage Firms · as of 2026-03-310,00 %$0M
    • State Street Investment Management (US)Investment Managers · as of 2026-03-310,00 %$0M
    • Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P.Investment Managers · as of 2026-03-310,00 %$0M
    • Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLCInvestment Managers · as of 2026-03-310,00 %$0M
    • UBS Financial Services, Inc.Investment Managers · as of 2026-03-310,00 %$0M

    Insider activity

    — missing data

    Short positioning

    345.3Kshares short+7.4% vs prior
    6.57days to cover
    53.1%short of daily vol
    3.8Kfails-to-deliver
    as of 2026-07-15 · short-interest report (free)

    Geographic breakdown

    — missing data
    Listings · one canonical issuer all listings resolve to the canonical
    REFR.BOCanonical
    BSE (India) · USD

    Intel & risk

    peak dispatch · —
    OSINT findings
    Dilution riskLow
    Liquidity riskMedium
    Net cash is negative after subtracting total debt.

    Evidence & claims

    From filings & derived data
    • EPS (diluted) (YoY) (2025-12-31 vs 2024-12-31): -50.0%Derived (calculated)
    • EPS (basic) (YoY) (2025-12-31 vs 2024-12-31): -50.0%Derived (calculated)
    • Total liabilities (YoY) (2025-12-31 vs 2024-12-31): -8.2%Derived (calculated)
    • Total assets (YoY) (2025-12-31 vs 2024-12-31): -44.3%Derived (calculated)
    • Net margin (FY 2025-12-31): -182.4%Derived (calculated)
    • Shareholders' equity (YoY) (2025-12-31 vs 2024-12-31): -64.2%Derived (calculated)
    • Revenue (YoY) (2025-12-31 vs 2024-12-31): -16.0%Derived (calculated)
    • R&D expense (YoY) (2025-12-31 vs 2024-12-31): 6.8%Derived (calculated)
    • Operating income (YoY) (2025-12-31 vs 2024-12-31): -47.9%Derived (calculated)
    • Operating cash flow (YoY) (2025-12-31 vs 2024-12-31): -68.5%Derived (calculated)
    • Net income (YoY) (2025-12-31 vs 2024-12-31): -56.0%Derived (calculated)
    • Cash & equivalents (YoY) (2025-12-31 vs 2024-12-31): -66.7%Derived (calculated)
    • Capex (YoY) (2025-12-31 vs 2024-12-31): -55.3%Derived (calculated)
    • Debt-to-equity (FY 2025-12-31): 1.41xDerived (calculated)
    • Current ratio (FY 2025-12-31): 3.84xDerived (calculated)
    • Return on assets (FY 2025-12-31): -90.8%Derived (calculated)
    • Return on equity (FY 2025-12-31): -219.1%Derived (calculated)
    • Total assets (annual): USD 2.25MSEC XBRL filing
    • Current assets (annual): USD 1.14MSEC XBRL filing
    • Total liabilities (annual): USD 1.32MSEC XBRL filing
    • EPS (basic) (annual): USD-PER-SHARES -0SEC XBRL filing
    • EPS (diluted) (annual): USD-PER-SHARES -0SEC XBRL filing
    • R&D expense (annual): USD 608.73KSEC XBRL filing
    • Operating income (annual): USD -2.13MSEC XBRL filing
    Showing 24 of 60 surfaced claims.
    Atomic claims from regulatory filings and derived calculations. Provenance shown as source kind only.

    The Thread

    Everything we know, in order
    2026-10-28EVENTUpcomingQ3 2026 earnings (expected) estimated date
    2026-07-29 22:34 UTCEVENTHa Price Listing REFR remains DEFICIENT (NASDAQ) — cure period. closed below $1.00 for 42 consecutive trading days (last close $0.7101). cure deadline 2027-01-17 (172 days remaining).
    2026-06-20 12:34 UTCANALYSTAnalyst coverage initiated
    2026-06-12FILING8-K filing →
    2026-06-05FILING8-K filing →
    2026-05-08FILING10-Q filing →
    2026-04-30FILINGDEF 14A filing →
    2026-03-05FILING10-K filing →
    2026-02-18FILING8-K filing →
    2025-12-31 00:00 UTCINSIDER3 insider transactions — 2025-12 3 derivative
    2025-12-31INSIDERDaigle Darryl acquired 45.0k sh Stock Option (right to buy) — Director
    2025-12-31INSIDERHARARY JOSEPH M acquired 65.0k sh Stock Option (right to buy) — Director, President and CEO
    2025-12-31INSIDERKaganowicz Alexander acquired 45.0k sh Stock Option (right to buy) — Director
    2025-11-06FILING10-Q filing →
    2025-09-15FILING8-K filing →
    2025-08-07FILING10-Q filing →
    2025-06-13FILING8-K filing →
    2025-05-08FILING10-Q filing →
    2025-04-30FILINGProxy statement →
    2024-12-31 00:00 UTCINSIDER5 insider transactions — 2024-12 5 derivative
    2024-06-14 00:00 UTCINSIDER2 insider transactions — 2024-06
    2024-02-07 00:00 UTCINSIDER1 insider transaction — 2024-02
    2023-12-31 00:00 UTCINSIDER6 insider transactions — 2023-12 5 derivative
    2023-10-02 00:00 UTCINSIDER1 insider transaction — 2023-10
    2023-09-13 00:00 UTCINSIDER2 insider transactions — 2023-09
    2023-06-16 00:00 UTCINSIDER2 insider transactions — 2023-06
    The entity's full life in the product — typed, chronological, joined across Newspaper, Platform and Data. Our memory, made visible.
    Sources filings · IR · transcripts · market data · tier hybrid · as of 2026-08-04 Market data · Issuer disclosures · Public news · Earnings transcripts · Consensus estimates · ESG data Premium coverage